Wednesday, June 21, 2017

Textbook Summaries and Reflections Chapter 1-5


Textbook Reflections

LSSL 5385



Chapter 1: Why do we share Literature with Kids?

There are several reasons why we should share literature with kids.  It aids in the acquisition of language which is why schools and districts push reading initiatives all year round.  It also encourages students to become lifelong readers and learners, encourages children to experience life vicariously through characters, and promotes the development of empathy, imagination, philosophical understanding and questioning about life.  Lastly, the most important reason I believe children should be read to is because reading is fun! Children don’t care about acquiring vocabulary or hearing the language and everything else we know about reading.  They care about sharing a moment with an adult who actually cares about what he/she thinks about a book.  They care about laughing and enjoying the time spent together with their fellow students reading.  If we want our kids to be readers, it is important that as educators we make reading as enjoyable as possible and not like a chore or a punishment.  I still know of teachers who make their students read silently after they misbehave. 



Reflection:

I’ve always known that exposing children to literature from an early age is important.  Listening to the both of you explain in detail the impact that literature can have was altogether informative, refreshing and reassuring.  To think that every time I read to a child, a young adult, and even my own children I might be shaping and influencing their life in some positive way is a privilege I take to heart.  Overall, the more a child is read to the more opportunities the child will have to become a well rounded individual with an understanding of people and the world they live in.



Chapter 2: Division of Young People’s Literature

The divisions in young people’s literature are as follow: Children’s Literature, Middle Grade/Tween, Young Adult, and New Adult. Children’s Literature covers ages 0-8 and encompasses an array of books starting with picture books, easy readers, illustrated chapter book, early chapter books, and some novels.



The next division is the Middle Grade/Tween. This division covers ages 8-12 years old.  Many people confuse middle school (11-13) with middle grade books and although middle school is not a category the age group of the two overlap. Titles appropriate for middle school depict middle aged characters that are dealing with and trying to make sense of more mature tougher issues about life; therefore, the books might not be appropriate reads for the 8-12 years of age group.   Some of these issues and themes might include: relationships, transgender issues, and abuse.



The Young Adult category is next in the division of young people’s literature.  This category covers ages 13-18 years old and deal with more mature topics such as sexual experiences and use rougher more explicit language.  



The last category is the New Adult which started in 2009 and is intended for the older teenagers who are well on their way in starting an adult life.  This category encompasses cutting edge fiction about adult issues without parental involvement.  Some topics include: moving away from home, first year of college, and more serious relationships,



Reflection:

As a future librarian and a firm believer of intellectual freedom, I try to keep an open mind about providing access to a variety of books.  However, I also realize that exposing young children to too much too soon can cause more harm than good. The overlapping age groups in YA literature make are especially difficult to decipher what is appropriate.  This is why it is important to understand the divisions of literature so that we expose our students to age appropriate material.  That is a huge responsibility for anyone, so our job of creating a collection is one that should always be taken seriously.  Paying attention to the topics and themes covered in a book, and even reading up on the characters and the age they represent in the novel is of the upmost importance. 



Chapter 3: Genres and Formats:

They Might Not Be What You Think



 The chapter clarifies the difference between genres, subjects, categories and formats.

Within the realm of literature there are two major genres: fiction and nonfiction.  However, for specificity purposes, genres branch out into a myriad of subgenres.   For example, fiction breaks off into realism and fantasy.  These two also branch out into more subgenres.  Realism includes Realistic: Modern Contemporary and Historical.  Fantasy entails Modern which includes Hard Science Fiction (story centers on science) and Soft Science Fiction (some emphasis on science, but main character is at the center of the story), High Fantasy(made up worlds, made up languages) and Low Fantasy.  Fantasy also entails Traditional which includes Folktale, Ballad, Fable, Legend, Myth and Fairy Tale.  The sub-genres under NonFiction would include Informational texts like biographies, autobiographies, and memoirs.  Another subgenre found in Nonfiction literature is the narrative nonfiction which is written like a story.  In addition, to these two you have the Expository Nonfiction which are factual and research based.  Educators and librarians are at times genre-fying libraries by misusing subjects and categories as genres.  Formats such as poetry, drama, novels, chapter books, graphic novels, short stories are not genres.  Categories and subjects like mystery, Chick Lit, horror, and sport fiction, are categories and not genres. 



Reflection: 

I was always told that there were four main genres:  Fiction, Nonfiction, Drama, Poetry, and have for more than a decade, passed down this knowledge to my students.  Drama and Poetry are not genres; they are formats a term I never really used to explain genres before.   It was eye opening and jaw dropping to find this out, but I see the logic in it.  I also realize that I was in the wrong to say that stories and novels were subgenres of Fiction, something I’d hear my colleagues say since I started teaching.  I realize how important it is to provide our students with information that is accurate.  I feel a little ashamed that so many of us are confused about this topic, but how, I can teach my students and colleagues what genres and subgenres truly are.

         

Chapter 4: What is YA Literature?

 Young adult literature encompasses many characteristics and elements.

According to Mertz and England (1983), it is literature about adolescence and growing up.  The point of view presents and adolescent’s interpretation of the events. The exposition and conflict are clearly expressed.  The young independent protagonist will face conflicts and make choices that result in learning about himself/herself and life. The decisions made have a profound impact on their way of thinking. The character demonstrates gradual and incremental change as well as incomplete growth in the main character(s).  The story can mirror concerns over contemporary issues our young readers are conscious others are experiencing or are experiencing themselves. The story is set in a brief period, the setting is usually limited, and fully developed characters are few.  The stories usually take from how adolescents develop and experience in their young life. 



Reflection:

YA literature is too many things rolled into one. A window to the world, an escape from reality, fantastical, real, didactic and so much more.  One of the best qualities about YA is that is a safe place where adolescents can safely experience life by providing vicarious living. Often times we have students who are thrill seekers and have feel an urge to do something outrageous- well YA can be the cure for that.  Matching students to satisfy their needs is key. I am also so thankful that we have more diversity in YA Literature.   Too many students want to see themselves in books to get a sense of normalcy.  This is why it is important that as educators we strive to provide opportunities for wide reading. 



Chapter 5: Adolescent Development

 This chapter stresses the importance of matching kids to the right books.  To do this successfully, we must get to know our readers and know how they develop and know more or less at what stage in their development they are in.  It is also important to note that everyone develops at different times and at different rates- nobody is exactly the same.           

          Adolescence is plighted with so many changes.  The most notable are the physical changes that come with puberty. For some, the changes come gradually and for others they happen so fast.  This is around the time when young kids start to see themslevels as different.  They question whether the changes are normal.  Some might question why everyone else is changing except for them- and so are they normal?  Pairing a young child who is experiencing feelings of inadequacy brought on by the changes their body is going through to the perfect book would be very helpful.   Moreover, Havighurst, Kohlberg, and Maslow each share important theories about develpmental stages young adults expereince.  The intellectual development expands during this stage.  As they mature their thinkging starts to mature as well.  At age 14 not 10, they transition from concrete thinking to abstract thinking.   It is important that as educators we scaffold and provide the support needed to help students delve deeper into abstract thinking. Havighurst explains that a sign of intellectual development is when children exhibit abilities to sustain healthy relationships with peers, individuals of the opposite sex, and parents.  Moreover, an important task of getting to know what they like or are good at is accomplished as well. According to Kohlberg, the moral, aspect of a person also starts to change during this growing stage.  First of all, as young children we function in the pre-conventional stage where our moral compass is controlled by a reward and punishment system.  Many adults also function at this stage, but as adults we know the difference.  The conventional level is where we understand the rules set by our parents or society and we follow them.  The post-conventional level is the highest form of morallity.  This is where we challenge or break laws, and rules for the good of others.   Maslows’ Hierarchy of Needs explains what should happen first if we want our kids to develop into health young adults. Maslow stresses that  if their psychological needs are not met they can’t move on to the next level which is safety- the need to feel physically and emotionally safe.  The next is the Love and Belonging stage or level. Here the child must feel like he/she is wanted and loved.  The level of esteem is the need to be respected and that will ultimately lead to self-actualization.  Self-actualization is where the child belives he/ she is important, cabable individual that can accomplish anything.

  
Reflection:

Learning about the develomental stages and theories will ultimately help us pair a child to the perfet book.  As educators we must be mindful of age and what is appropriate for them.  More than anything, I believe that helping children find books fit for them will ultimately spark a geniune love for reading.  We learned that children also develop into readers. The chapter gave an overview about birthday cake theory that explains the many different reasons why children often read.  This explanation makes a whole lot of sense because what they are experiencing at the time will alter their choice of reading. 

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