Tuesday, July 4, 2017

Textbook Reflections Ch. 6-7


Textbook Reflections: Ch. 6-7               

Ch. 6 Literary Elements:

Literary Elements- are the tools author’s use to make their writing more interesting. They are used as starting points for analyzing and discussing literature.

·         Antagonist- (the villain) the person or force that works against the hero of the story.

·         Character-Once of the people (or animals, creatures) in a story.

·         Conflict-the problem or struggle between two opposing forces (4 basic conflicts).

          *Person vs. Person- a problem between two characters

          *Person vs. Self- inner problem

          *Person vs. Society- problem between character and society, school, the law, or some        

             tradition

          *Person vs. Nature- a problem between a character and the elements of nature-blizzard,

             Hurricane, tornado etc.          

·         Mood- how the reader feels after reading a piece of literature.

·         Tone- the author’s attitude about a particular topic; tone can portray a variety of emotions ranging from solemn, witty, happy etc.

·         Plot- the sequence of events that make up a story.  It includes the conflict; it usually follows the five steps (exposition/incitement, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution).

·         Protagonist- (good guy or hero) the main character.

·         Setting- Where and when the story takes place; the setting can include place, period, era, season, and under what circumstances the story is taking place.

·         Themes- the message about life or human nature that is “the dominant focus” in the story. What the author wants us to learn from his/her story. A truism or universal.



Literary Devices- figure of speech or typical structures used in writing to help writers convey his or her messages in a simple or more colorful way.

·         Allegory- a symbolism device used to convey the meaning of a greater, often abstract, concept.

·         Allusion- a passing reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art to enrich the reading experience by adding meaning or making a point.

·         Archetype- a character, action, situation, symbol, theme, or setting that represent a universal pattern of human nature.  They have served as a prototype of its kinds and are the original idea that have come to be used over and over again.  Ex. Stepmothers are usually evil and mean.

·         Deus ex machine-refers to the incidence where an implausible concept or character is brought into the story in order to make the conflict in the story resolve and to bring about a pleasing solution.

·         Hyperbole-an exaggeration and overemphasis in order to produce a grander, more noticeable effect.

·         Imagery- Words or phrases that appeal to the reader’s senses.

·         Metaphor-comparison between two seemingly unlike things but with some commonalities; does not use “like” or “as”

·         Motif-(recurring element) refers to an object, image, sound, action, ideas or other figures that are repeated throughout a literary work that have a symbolic significance or represent something else at a deeper level. 

·         Point of view-Perspective from which the story is told

*First-person: narrator is a character in the story; uses “I,” “we,” etc.

*Third-person: narrator outside the story; uses “he,” “she,” “they”

*Third-person limited: narrator tells only what one character perceives

*Third-person omniscient: narrator can see into the minds of all characters.

·         Simile- comparison between to seemingly unlike things using “like” or “as”

·         Symbolism-refers to an object, person, place, or thing that represents something more important usually an abstract idea.

Reflection: 

Students need all the help they can get to be able to process and analyze literature.  Their familiarity and understanding of the literary elements and literary devices serve as guides and aide them in gaining that deeper understanding.  As a teacher, I find myself re-teaching these concepts to move along or point out important aspects of a literary text. It is imperative that we teach them these concepts so they can successfully understand what they read on a deeper level.



Ch. 7 AWARDS and LISTS:

Printz

Criteria:

·         Non-fiction, fiction, poetry and anthologies are all eligible

·         Books must have been published between January 1 and December 31 of the year preceding announcement of the award.

·         Titles must be designated 'young adult' by its publisher or published for the age range that YALSA defines as "young adult," i.e., 12 through 18. Adult books are not eligible.

·         Works of joint authorship or editorship are eligible.

·         The award may be issued posthumously.

·         Books previously published in another country are eligible (presuming an American edition has been published during the period of eligibility).



When the awards and/ or lists are announced:



·         Winner and four Honor Books are announced during the ALA midwinter meeting

         




YALSA Excellence in Nonfiction

Criteria:

·         Honors the best nonfiction book published for young adults (ages 12-18)

·         Nonfiction title must be published between Nov. 1 and Oct. 31 of the current year

·         Book must be available in English in the United States

When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·         Announced annually at the ALA Youth Media Awards






Great Graphic Novels for Teens

Criteria:

  • Both young adult, and adult titles with strong teen appeal, may be considered
  • Both fiction and non-fiction are eligible
  • Adapted materials must remain true to, expand, or complement the original work
  • Books published within the assigned calendar year, January 1 to December 31, in addition to those published between September 1 and December 31 of the previous year.
  • Nominations may be accepted from the field and Committee up to November 1 of that calendar year.
  • Though graphic novels need not be published in the United States, they must be widely available for purchase in the U.S. at the time of consideration.
  • Reissues will be considered if there has been significant change to the original content of the work since first issued. Whether or not the changes are significant enough is ultimately determined by the Chair.
  • Collections of comic strips will be considered only if they contain an overarching story arc.



When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·         ALA Midwinter Meeting






Best Fiction for Young Adults

Criteria:

·         Fiction titles published for a teen audience (12-18 years)

·         Titles must have been published in the past 16 months

·         A book originally published outside the United States will be considered according to its U.S. publication year.

·         Books published outside of the United States are not eligible unless a U.S. edition is available. 

·         Titles that are self-published, published only in eBook format, and/or published from a publisher outside of the US will not be considered eligible until the first year the book is available in print or distributed through a US publishing house.



When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·         Shortly after the close of ALA’s Midwinter Meeting






Margaret A. Edwards Awards

Criteria:

·         Honors an author for significant and lasting contribution to young adult literature

  • The book(s) help adolescents to become aware of themselves and to answer their questions about their role and importance in relationships, society and in the world?The book(s) is of acceptable literary quality?
  • The book(s) satisfy the curiosity of young adults and yet help them thoughtfully to build a philosophy of life?
  • The book(s) currently popular with a wide range of young adults in many different parts of the country?
  • The book(s) serve as a "window to the world" for young adults?



When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·          During the ALA midwinter meeting 






Alex Award

Criteria:

·         Adult books with “special appeal” to young adults ages 12-18 years

  • Titles are selected for their demonstrated or probable appeal to the personal reading tastes of young adults 
  • Appeal and popularity are not synonymous In addition to the question of appeal, committee members should consider the following when assessing titles: language, plot, style, setting, dialog, characterization, and design.

When the awards and/ or lists are announced:



·         Final committee meeting at the ALA Midwinter Meeting






Morris Award

Criteria:

  • This award recognizes excellence by a first time author writing for young adults.
  • The winning title must exemplify the highest standards of young adult literature and must be well written. The book’s components [story, voice, setting, accuracy, style, characters, design, format, theme, illustration, organization, etc.] should be of high merit.
  • Popularity is not the criterion for this award, nor is the award based on the message or content of the book.
  • The book must have teen appeal or have the potential to appeal to teen readers.
  • In the sum of all the criteria, does the book represent the highest achievement in a debut work for young adults?

When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·         Announced at the ALA Midwinter Meeting








Outstanding Books for the College Bound

Criteria:

  • Standard selection criteria consonant with the ALA Library Bill of Rights shall be applied.
  • Although copyright is not a consideration, all titles should be widely available.
  • Each category may have a special set of criteria.
  • Books can be in print or out of print, in hardcover or paperback.
  • Books that have appeared on earlier Outstanding Books lists or are available in revised editions are eligible.

When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

Booklist is revised and updated every five years



Official Website:




Popular Paperbacks

Criteria:

Titles must be in print and available in paperback.

  1. Both young adult and adult titles may be considered.
  2. Popularity is more important than literary quality.
  3. Both fiction and non-fiction may be considered.
  4. Copyright dates are not a consideration.
  5. A book which has appeared on a previous Popular Paperbacks list can be selected after 5 years have passed since it last appeared on the list.
  6. Nominations from authors or publishers for their own titles are not eligible for the list.
  7. Each committee will have the latitude to select its own topics that meet the latest teen needs and interests, subject to prior approval by the Selection and Award Committees Oversight Committee (this will ensure the inclusion of timely topics, current trends, and emerging teen audiences/populations), but as a matter of course certain perennially popular genres, topics or themes should be considered. Some examples are adventure, autobiography/biography/diaries, fantasy, historical fiction, horror, humor, music, mystery, new voices, romance, science fiction, short stories, sports, suspense, and thrillers.   Another focus for themes that each committee should explore are titles aimed at a particular underserved or emerging teen audiences.  Each committee should also seek out opportunities to tie their committee’s work to relevant YALSA initiatives, especially ones with annual themes that could be supported by PPYA, such as the YA Services Symposium and Teen Read Week™. 
  8. Standard selection criteria consistent with the ALA Library Bill of Rights shall be applied.
  9. Librarianship focuses on individuals, in all their diversity, and that focus is a fundamental value of the Young Adult Library Services Association and its members. Diversity is, thus, honored in the Association and in the collections and services that libraries provide to young adults.

When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·         Final list will be available after November 1st








Quick Picks for Reluctant Readers

Criteria:

These criteria are meant as suggestions for evaluating a book. Not all criteria may fit all books.

1.  Physical Appearance

  • Cover - catchy, action-oriented, attractive, appealing, good "blurb"
  • Print style - sufficiently large for enjoyable reading
  • Format - appropriate and appealing balance of text and white space
  • Artwork/illustrations - enticing, realistic, demonstrated diversity

2.  Style

  • Clear writing that easily communicates without long convoluted sentences of sophisticated vocabulary
  • Acceptable literary quality and effectiveness of presentation
  • Simple vocabulary but not noticeably controlled

3.  Fiction

  • High interest "hook" in first 10 pages
  • Well-defined characters
  • Sufficient plot to sustain interest
  • Plot lines developed through dialog and action
  •  Familiar themes with emotional appeal for teenagers
  • Believable treatment
  • Single point of view
  • Touches of humor when appropriate
  • Chronological order

4.  Informational Books

  • Technical language acceptable if defined in context
  •  Accuracy
  • Objectivity



When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·         The final list of nominations will be available after November 1st.






Reader’s Choice

Criteria:

  • Titles must be published between November 1 of the prior year and October 31 of the current year. 

·          

    • If a title has been published in a foreign country prior to publication and release in the United States, then the US copyright is regarded as the official copyright for the purpose of this list.
  • Titles must be widely available in the United States.
  • Only titles marketed by a publisher for a teen/young adult audience may be considered.
  • Popularity takes precedence over literary quality.
  • Titles must be identified with one of the stated broad categories: horror/thriller, mystery/crime, nonfiction, realistic fiction, romance, science fiction/fantasy, and the ‘wild card’ that each committee chooses annually.
  • Materials in different formats, such as graphic novels and poetry, are eligible for the list but must be identified with a particular category.
  • Nominations from authors or publishers for their own titles are not eligible for the list.  Nominations are not eligible from current Readers’ Choice List Committee members.
  • Standard selection criteria consistent with the ALA Library Bill of Rights shall be applied



When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·          The winners will be posted online the first week of December.






Teens’ Top Ten



Criteria:

·         The Teens' Top Ten is a "teen choice" list, where teens nominate and choose their favorite books of the previous year!

·         Nominators are members of teen book groups in fifteen school and public libraries around the country.

·         Nominations are posted on the Thursday of National Library Week, and teens across the country vote on their favorite titles each year.

·         Readers ages twelve to eighteen will vote online between August 15 and Teen Read Week™ (October 8-14, 2017) here on the Teens' Top Ten site.



When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·          The winners will be announced the week after Teen Read Week.



Official Website: http://www.ala.org/yalsa/teenstopten



Amazing Audiobooks

Criteria:

The criteria against which any particular audiobook should be judged as a candidate for a final list of annual recommendations by YALSA include:

  • Appeal of content to any or all potential listeners between 12 and 18 years old. While the list as a whole addresses the interests and needs of young adults ranging in age from 12 to 18, individual titles may appeal to parts of that range rather than to its whole. Material need not be “family friendly,” or appeal to the youngest common denominator of adults.
  • Adapted materials must remain true to, expand, or complement the original work. 
  • Effective use of voices, music, sound effects, and language.
  • Appropriateness of material for audio presentation.
  • Suitability of match between performer and text.
  • Possible expansion of audience of young adults for a text that has not been readily accessible in its print format to its target audience.
  • Professional production quality
  • Correct pronunciation of all text words is required, however, a title would not necessarily be disqualified if an error is deemed by the Committee to be minor. when evaluating the recording as a whole
  • Clarity of recording is required.
  • Informative packaging is preferred.
  • Curricular suitability can be a positive consideration but is not a requirement for inclusion

 When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

ALA’s Midwinter Meeting






YA Choices

Criteria:

·         Young Adults’ Choices books must be for middle and secondary school students.

·         Published in 2017

·         Fiction, nonfiction, and poetry are eligible for submission

·         Some adult books for the advanced young adult reader may be submitted, but keep in mind these are students in grades 7–12

·         Books from all imprints associated with your company are eligible

·         Paperbacks–submit only original

·         Series books–submit only one of a series



When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·         The annual Young Adults’ Choices reading list will be available online in May and onsite at the International Literacy Association annual Conference & Exhibits.



Official Website:




Lone Star Reading List

Criteria:

·         The book must be favorably reviewed in a scholarly journal for grades 6, 7, or 8.

Content:

·         Only one book per author per genre may be included on the list.

·         Titles shall be nominated that reflect a variety of difficulty levels for readers in grades 6-8, i.e. a book for unsophisticated readers beginning the sixth grade and one for mature eighth graders.

·         The committee strives for a fairly equal distribution of books targeting each of the three grade levels and within each set further seeks balance in areas such as genre, gender appeal, interest, subject, and difficulty.



When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·         The final list of nominations will be available after October 1st. Following its last meeting, the committee will provide the Young Adult Round Table with the final annotated list of selected titles.



Official Website:


TAYSHAS Reading List

Criteria:

The book must be favorably reviewed in a scholarly journal for grades 9-12.

The person making the nomination must have read the book



Content:

a. Titles shall be nominated that reflect a variety of difficulty levels for readers in grades 9-12, i.e. a book for unsophisticated readers beginning the ninth grade and one for mature twelfth graders.

b. The committee strives for a fairly equal distribution of books targeting each of the four grade levels and within each set further seeks balance in areas such as genre, gender appeal, interest, subject, and difficulty.

c. There will be no limit of titles by a specific author.

d. A book may not be re-nominated that was considered the previous year by the Tayshas Committee.

e. A book may not be considered if was chosen for the Lone Star Reading List the previous year.



When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·         The final list of nominations will be available after October 1st.

·         Following its last meeting, the committee will provide the Young Adult Round Table with the final annotated list of selected titles.






Maverick Reading List

Criteria:  

Nomination criteria: 

-                The content of the book must be relevant to readers in grades 6-12. 

-                The book must be relevant in subject, language and age.  

-                The book must have literary merit and wide appeal. 

-                The TMGNRL is intended for recreational reading and not to be restricted to supporting a specific curriculum.  The list as a whole seeks balance in genre, gender appeal, interest, subject and difficulty. 

 Books selected for the TMGNRL will: 

-                Reflect an integration of images and words  

-                Exhibit a clarity of visual flow on the page  

-                Contain images that convey necessary meaning  

-                Contain outstanding quality of the artwork's reproduction  

-                Contain narrative that is enhanced by the artwork  

-                Be comprised of narrative dominated by sequential art component -- at least 50% sequential art 





When the awards and/ or lists are announced:



·         The final list of nominations will be available after October 1st.

·         Following its last meeting, the committee will provide the Young Adult Round Table with the final annotated list of selected titles.




Edgar Award for Mystery

Criteria:

·         All books, short stories and television shows in the mystery, crime, suspense, and intrigue fields are eligible for Edgar Awards in their respective category.

Edgar Judging

1.     The work must be published for the first time in the United States in 2017. Previously self-published works are ineligible, even if later (edited and) re-published by an approved publisher. Only a work with a copyright date of 2017 will be eligible for consideration in 2017 (with the following exception; see the note below). A self-published book (whether it is in print, in electronic format or offered for free on a blog or a website) that is republished by an Approved Publisher is a reprint, not a new work, and while it would qualify a writer for Active Status membership, it does not qualify for Edgar Award consideration.

2.    Foreign books may have an earlier copyright but the year of consideration must be the year of its first publication in the United States.

3.    Television episodes must have been shown for the first time in the United States in 2017.

4.    A work may be submitted to only one committee except in the case of the Robert L. Fish Award and the Mary Higgins Clark Award

When the awards and/ or lists are announced:



Official Website: http://www.theedgars.com/



NCTE Award for Excellence in Poetry for Children

Criteria:

·         Literary Merit (art and craft of aggregate work--as poet or anthologist)
Creating books of poetry that demonstrate imagination, authenticity of voice, evidence of a strong persona, and universality / timelessness are essential. In short, we're looking for a poet who creates poetry books that contain clean, spare lines; use language and form in fresh ways; surprise the reader by using syntax artistically; excite the reader's imagination with keen perceptions and sharp images; touch the reader's emotions.  A maker of word events is what we're looking for.

·         Poet's or Anthologist's Contributions
Aggregate work, evident potential for growth and evolution in terms of craft, and excellence are considered.

·         Evolution of the Poet's or Anthologist's Work
Technical and artistic development as evidenced in the poetry, evidence of risk, change, and artistic stamina, and evidence of different styles and modes of expression are considered.

·         Appeal to Children
Although the appeal to children of a poet's or anthologist's work is an important consideration, the art and craft must be the primary criterion for evaluation.  Evidence of students' excitement for the poetry and evidence of childlike quality, yet poem's potential for stirring fresh insights and feelings should be apparent.



When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·         Awarded every other year

·         The next award will be given in 2019






Orbis Pictus

Criteria:

·         Books must have been published or distributed in the United States during the previous calendar year

·         Accuracy—facts current and complete, balance of fact and theory, varying point of view, stereotypes avoided, author's qualifications adequate, appropriate scope, authenticity of detail

·         Organization—logical development, clear sequence, interrelationships indicated, patterns provided (general-to-specific, simple-to-complex, etc.)

·         Design—attractive, readable, illustrations complement text, placement of illustrative material appropriate and complementary, appropriate media, format, type

·         Style—writing is interesting, stimulating, reveals author's enthusiasm for subject; curiosity and wonder encouraged, appropriate terminology, rich language

·         In addition, each nomination should be useful in classroom teaching grades K-8, should encourage thinking and more reading, model exemplary expository writing and research skills, share interesting and timely subject matter, and appeal to a wide range of ages.



When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·         The award is presented annually by the chair of the Orbis Pictus Award Committee at the Children's Book Awards Luncheon during the NCTE Annual Convention.







Batchelder Award

Criteria:

  • The award shall be made to an American publisher for a children's book considered to be the most outstanding of those books originally published in a foreign language in a foreign country and subsequently published in English in the United States during the preceding year.
  • The Award, in the form of a citation, shall be made annually, unless no book of that particular year is deemed worthy of the honor. The translation should be true to original work and retain the viewpoint of the author.
  • The translation should reflect the style of the author and of the original language.
  • The book should not be unduly "Americanized." The book's reader should be able to sense that the book came from another country.
  • Folk literature is not eligible.
  • Picture books are not eligible unless the text is substantial and at least as important as the pictures.
  • The book must have the potential to appeal to a child audience (age 0-14).
  • The overall design of the book should enhance and not detract from the text, thus making the book more or less effective as a children's book. Such aspects might include: illustration, type face, layout, book jacket, etc.
  • Consideration should be given to the retention of the original illustrator's work in the U.S. edition.



When the awards and/ or lists are announced: Annually






Scott O’Dell Award for Historical Fiction

Criteria:

·         Award is given for a distinguished work of historical fiction.

·         A book must be published by a U.S. publisher; the setting must be South, Central or North America; and the author must be a U.S. citizen.

·         Books published during each calendar year are eligible for the following year’s award.

·         It must be written in English by a citizen of the United States.

·         Each year the selection is made by the Award Committee



When the awards and/ or lists are announced:

·         Annually since 1984

·         Awards are normally given during the annual ALA Conference. However, due to author schedules, awards may be given during the Winter meeting.



Official Website:  




Pura Belpre Award

Criteria:

·         Two medals shall be awarded at the annual conference of the American Library Association, one to a Latino author and one to a Latino illustrator, for creating outstanding original children's (age 0-14) books that portray, affirm, and celebrate the Latino cultural experience.

·         For purposed of this award, Latino is defined as people whose heritage emanates from any of the Spanish-speaking cultures of the Western Hemisphere.

·         The award-winning books must be published in the United States or Puerto Rico.

·         The committee is not to consider the entire body of work by an author or whether the author has previously won the award.

·         Recipients of the Pura Belpré Medal must be residents or citizens of the United States or Puerto Rico.

·         Fiction and nonfiction books for children published in Spanish, English, or bilingual format are eligible.

·         Honor books may be named.

·         If suitable candidates are not found, the awards will not be presented in that year.

·         One person may be selected to receive the awards in both categories.[3]



When the awards and/ or lists are announced: Awarded at the annual conference of the American Library Association








Schneider Family Award

Criteria:

·         Recognize authors and illustrators who have created stories or illustrations featuring characters with special needs

·         Book must be for ages 0-10 (Children’s Category)

·         Book must be for teens 13-18

·         The book must portray some aspect of living with a disability or that of a friend or family member, whether the disability is physical, mental or emotional

·         Books with death as the main theme are generally disqualified



When the awards and/ or lists are announced: The award is given out annually and the winners are announced at the ALA Midwinter Meeting.








Sibert Award

Criteria:

·         Awarded to the most distinguished informational book for children

·         The book must be published in English during the preceding year.

·         The book must be published originally or simultaneously in the United States



When the awards and/ or lists are announced: Awarded Annually






Stonewall Award

Criteria:

·         Three literary awards: fiction and nonfiction in books for adults, and books for children or young adults

·         Honored for exceptional merit relating to the gay/lesbian/bisexual/transgender experience.

·         Books should be original works

·         Published in the U.S. during the preceding year, including “substantially changed new editions” and “English language translations of foreign language books.



When the awards and/ or lists are announced: Announced in January and presented to the winning authors or editors at the American Library Association Annual Conference in June or July.






            Reflection:
It is important as educators and future librarians to know about these prestigious honors and awards bestowed upon some of the best authors and illustrators.  The lists provide librarians and library workers with a resource to use for collection development and readers advisory purposes. They also serve as a diverse recommended reading for teens and adults alike.
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